Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder where the usually round cornea thins and bulges into a conelike shape. This deformation causes distorted vision that often cannot be corrected with glasses alone.
What Is Keratoconus?
Keratoconus involves the thinning and reshaping of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of your eye. It results in a cone-shaped cornea, which deflects light as it enters the eye on its way to the retina, leading to impaired vision. This condition typically develops in the teenage years to early twenties and progresses for about a decade.
Causes
What causes keratoconus is not fully understood. The condition is believed to be influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Known risk factors that increase your odds of developing keratoconus include:
- A family history of keratoconus in one or both eyes
- Chronic inflammation of your eyes, such as from allergies
- Frequently rubbing your eyes
Additionally, certain medical conditions are associated with keratoconus, including:
- Down syndrome
- Retinitis pigmentosa
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Marfan syndrome
- Asthma
- Hay fever
Symptoms
Keratoconus symptoms typically include:
- A gradual distortion of vision, such as seeing straight lines as curved
- Blurry vision
- Increased light sensitivity
- Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions
Many people with keratoconus develop astigmatism and myopia. In later stages, the bulging of your cornea may also become more pronounced.
If you notice any of these symptoms, you should schedule an eye exam to determine the cause and establish an appropriate treatment plan.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing keratoconus involves a thorough eye examination and a detailed cornea evaluation. Specialized imaging technologies, such as corneal topography, may help visualize the cornea curve and detect changes typical to keratoconus. Early detection is vital for managing the progression of this condition effectively.
Treatment Options
Management of keratoconus may involve several approaches, depending on its severity:
- Special contact lenses, such as hard or piggyback lenses
- Cross-linking surgery to strengthen corneal tissue
- Corneal transplant in severe cases
- Intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS), which involve inserting small rings into the cornea to help flatten it and improve vision
Regular follow-ups with your optometrist are essential for monitoring the condition and adjusting treatment as necessary. If you’re concerned about keratoconus or due for an eye exam, schedule an appointment at your local Visionworks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Keratoconus Be Cured?
How Does Keratoconus Affect Daily Life?
What Advancements Are There in the Treatment of Keratoconus?
